SWIMMING
An independent, self-contained simulation of competitive pool swimming.

WHAT THIS IS
Swimming is a sport, not a product. There is no original game to reimplement and no author to
credit for inventing it. What this build owes is to a rulebook and to a small pile of papers,
every one of which is named below. Nothing here is affiliated with, endorsed by, or connected to
World Aquatics or any federation.

THE RULES
World Aquatics, "Competition Regulations", in force from February 2026, Part Two (Swimming Rules).
Read in full via pdftotext from
  resources.fina.org/fina/document/2026/02/18/e6815ecc-06d9-4f0b-98e9-4c441cf5e6a3/
  2026-02-18_World-Aquatics_CR-Final.pdf
Listed as current at worldaquatics.com/rules/competition-regulations.

That edition has DROPPED the old FINA "SW" and "FR" letter prefixes entirely. Everything in this
app is cited as "Part Two, Art. N". Seventy-eight articles are implemented; they are listed on the
page itself.

THE PHYSICS — what was opened, and what was not
FULL TEXT, read directly:
  Novais ML et al. (2012) "The Effect of Depth on Drag During the Streamlined Glide: A
    Three-Dimensional CFD Analysis", J Human Kinetics 33:55-62. PMC3588683.
  Barbosa TM et al. (2015) "A Comparison of Experimental and Analytical Procedures to Measure
    Passive Drag in Human Swimming", PLOS ONE 10(7):e0130868.
  West R, Lorimer A, Pearson S, Keogh JWL (2022) "The Relationship Between Undulatory Underwater
    Kick Performance Determinants and Underwater Velocity in Competitive Swimmers: A Systematic
    Review", Sports Med Open 8(1):95. PMC9334501. — the route by which Lyttle & Blanksby's,
    Arellano's, Willems', Houel's and Houel & Elipot's numbers reach this app.
  Keul S, Bieder A, Wahl P (2010) "Effects of new Hightech-Swim-Suits on Passive Drag",
    Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming XI, abstract P-025, p.98.
  Marinho DA et al. (2010) "The Gliding Phase in Swimming: The Effect of Water Depth",
    Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming XI, abstract P-027, p.98.
  Yamakawa K, Shimojo H, Takagi H, Sengoku Y (2022), Front Sports Act Living 4:829618. PMC9051435.
  Seifert L, Chollet D, Chatard JC (2007) "Kinematic measures and stroke rate variability in elite
    female 200-m swimmers in the four swimming techniques", J Sports Sci.
  Sumner AT et al. (2019) "Kinetic Analysis of Swimming Flip-Turn Push-Off Techniques",
    Sports (Basel) 7(2):32. PMC6409673.
  "Engineering Elite Swimming Start Performance: Key Kinetic and Kinematic Variables with
    Reference Values", Bioengineering (Basel) 2026. PMC12938553. — 136 Swiss national-team
    swimmers on an instrumented block; the source of the start split table.
  A 2018 PhD thesis on shape optimisation for the wave-making resistance of a submerged body
    (HAL tel-02139092), which derives and numerically validates Havelock's exact solution. The
    exp(-2gh/U^2) law used throughout this app was read there, not in Havelock.

ABSTRACT ONLY — the headline numbers are in the abstracts, the methods are not:
  Toussaint HM, Roos PE, Kolmogorov S (2004), J Biomech 37(11):1655-1663.
  Formosa DP, Toussaint HM, Mason BR, Burkett B (2012), J Appl Biomech 28(6):746-750.
  Schreven S, Toussaint HM, Smeets JBJ, Beek PJ (2013), J Biomech 46(11):1933-1937.
  Stosic J, Veiga S, Trinidad A, Dopsaj M, Navarro E (2023), Sports Biomech 22(12):1669-1682.

COULD NOT BE OPENED AT ALL — named because a citation nobody read is worse than none:
  Vennell R, Pease D, Wilson B (2006) "Wave drag on human swimmers", J Biomech 39:664-671.
    CLOSED ACCESS, no repository copy. This is the paper that measures the thing this app is
    about. Its "1.8 to 2.8 chest depths" figure reaches this app only through two papers that
    cite it, and this model does NOT reproduce it.
  Lyttle AD & Blanksby BA (2000), XVIII Int'l Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, p.56-63 —
    the conference paper the entire drag calibration rests on. Read only through West et al.
  Jiskoot J & Clarys JP (1975) — the study that found the OPPOSITE sign. Known only through
    Novais et al.'s description of it.
  Havelock TH (1917 and after) — read only through the 2018 thesis above.
  Mollendorf JC et al. (2004), Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:1029-1035 — cited by Barbosa, not opened.

SECONDARY (Wikipedia, and marked as such on the page):
  Current world records, used as calibration targets, from
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_swimming
  The history of the 15 m rule (Berkoff, Suzuki, Pankratov), which contains an unresolved
    conflict between two Wikipedia articles that this app reports rather than papering over.
  Water density and viscosity, from steam-table values via en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_(data_page)

Sources were found by fetching URLs directly and through the PubMed, Crossref, OpenAlex and
Unpaywall APIs, without a general web search. That is a real limit on coverage.

WHAT IS FAITHFUL AND WHAT IS MINE
Faithful: the pool and its furniture down to the lane rope colours, the red floats over the last
five metres, the distinctly coloured fifteen metre float, the cross line on the lane marking and
the flags at five metres and 1.8 m above the water. The legality conditions of all four strokes,
the two medley orders, the turn and finish touches, the relay take-over, the start, the racing
rules, the tie rule and the programme of events. The wave-drag depth law, which is Havelock's and
is derived in the app rather than quoted.

Mine, and labelled as such throughout: every part of how a human swims. The propulsor, the fatigue
model, the pacing, the dive geometry, the ascent angle, the turn timing and the shape of the
wave-drag hump. The drag coefficients are fitted to published towing data; the power constants are
fitted to world records. The targets are named; the numbers are not documented constants and this
app never says they are.

PROVENANCE: 194 constants — 78 documented, 50 measured, 16 derived, 13 calibrated,
37 reconstructed. 128 of 194, or 66.0%, are either rule text that was read or a published
measurement. The full register is js/spec.js and the page recounts it from the shipped file.

TECHNICAL
Hand-written WebGL2. No framework, no CDN, no external script, stylesheet, font or image. The
renderer is about five hundred lines and owes nothing to any library. No part of this app calls a
model, a server or an API of any kind.